A look back at how #Daesh started, beginning with the US invasion of Iraq in 2003.

For a list of resources used to create this explainer, we recommend the following books and articles:

Weaver, M. (2006) The Short, Violent Life of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. The Atlantic. July/August 2006 edition.Weiss, M. & Hassan, H. (2015) ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror. Phaidon Press.Lister, C. (2015) The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency. Hurst Publishers.Maher, S. (2016) Salafi-Jihadism - The history of an idea. Oxford University Press.al-Shami, L. & Yassin-Kassab, R. (2016) Burning Country - Syrians in Revolution and War. Pluto Press.
Gutman, R. (2016) Assad Henchman: Here’s How We Built ISIS. The Daily Beast. Reuter, C. (2015) Why Assad Is Uninterested in Defeating Islamic State. Der Spiegel.
Chulov, M. (2014) ISIS: The Inside Story. The Guardian.
Alabbasi, M. (2015) Iraq asked Syria's Assad to stop aiding ‘jihadists’. Middle East Eye.
Poushter, J. (2015) In nations with significant Muslim populations, much disdain for ISIS. Pew Research Center.

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